
Book.^li31. 



OOPffilGlir DEPOSIT. 



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(MR 1 5TOPM ER^ 
(OLUMBU5. 





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Copyright 1893. 

Edward Brandus & Co., published 

114 Fifth Avenue, New York. 



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npHE portrait of Columbus in the Ministry of Marine, at Xladrid, is one of the moat 
%videly known and most generally accepted portraits of Columbus, and has 
been used more than any other to illustrate biographies and volumes of history. It 
is asserted to be a genuine portrait painted in 1504 or 1505, at Seville, upon the return 
of Columbus from his fourth and last voyage and shortly before his death, but 
there is no really reliable evidence in support of this claim. It is believed by 
some critics to be a copy of the Giovio picture, probeibly made in the latter part 
of the sixteenth century, and that the artist took the liberty of adding age and 
signs of anxiety to the face of the illustrious discoverer. 



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OLD SPANISH CANNON OF THE TIME OF COLUMBUS. 



/^^OLUMBUS -was the eldest son of Dominico Colombo and Suisanna Kontan- 
arossa, and -was born in Genoa in i435- His father was a wool-con-iber, 
who lived until two years after the memorable discovery by his illustrious son. 
Columbus was educated at the University of Pavia. After completing his educa- 
tion he worked for some months in his father's liusiness, but ^vhile still in his 
teens made his choice of life and became a sailor. In i47*J he Nvas wrecked at 
sea and iTianaged to reach the Portuguese coast on a planlc. In Hortugal he 
married Kelipa Muriet Herestrello, \vho died >'oung, lefl^•ine him one child— a boy 
who -was named Uietjo. 




C'oluiiibii.-' bcfc>:v: tlic Coiukm 

(By V. IZQUIEROO.) 




^^lURING the period that Columbua wa^ urging his project before the 
King and Queen he was allowed, through the Grand Cardinal of 
.i^^fyyr-^ -J y Spain, to present his theories before a council of learned geographers 
tind astronomers from the University of San Esteban at Salamanca. This council, 
which ^vas composed mostly of ecclesiastics, was by no means unprejudiced, 
nor were its members disposed to abandon their pretensions to knowledge with- 
out a struggle. Colun^bus argued his point, but was over\vhelmed with biblical 
texts, with tiuotations fron^ the great divines, and with theological objections. In 
a word, his plans met with anything but encouragement frona this wise and 
distinguished council. 



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A F^TKR Columbus had left the Court at Cordova, despairing of being able to 
secure ttie co-operation of Kerdinand and Isabella, lie went to Palos, Spain, 
to leave his little son with his sister-in-law. 
Landing on the VianUs of the Kiver Tinto, 
fatigued and hungry, Columbus started for F*alos. 
On the -vva^', he stopped at the Monastery of La 
Rabida and asked the monks for food and water 
for himself and child. It ^vaa at this monastery 
that Columbus met Juan ferez de Marchena, 
formerly confessor of Queen Isabella, who inter- 
ested himself greatly in Columbus' plans and 
wrote in urgent terms on the subject to the 

Queen. It Nvas this letter that brought about 

.. ■ » ■ -., »i ^^ „» r^ i„ Cross erected where Columbus asked 

another intervieNv with the Queen at Oranada. ,r „„ ., „^.,„„ 

*= THE Friar of the Monastery 

for Bread and Water. 








ill }>?a c'\ClGi^a 





N the summit of a lo^v tieadland at the junction of the Tinto 
and Odiel rivers, stands, picturesQue and solitary, a mon- 
astery erected hy the Moors in the eleventh century, and 
intended for a fortress. They called it La Rabida, whicVi 
signifies an outpost on the frontier. When the Moors were 
driven from Spain, it passed into the possession of the 
fe^ Franciscan Monks. It -^vas here that Columhus stopped to 
-> ;« .,< ^.^^ ask for hread and \vater. Within its ^valls he spent many 



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months, while preparing for his voyage of discovery. 






Castl£ at Santo Domingo in 

WHICH Columbus was 

Imprisoned. 




Colli lllGlu^ icccillc5 til 3^ateftci. 

(By M. CRESPO, MADRID, 1883.) 









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^^(SP^*' 






A KXER Columhus had presented liiniself at Granadci there -^vas ci comerence 
-^ ■*- at court concerniiiy his plans, ciinl it -was agciin decided to reject them. 
When he ^vas informed of the decision, Cohtmlius mounted his, niule and 
started for F*alos, intending to take his child and go to Premce \vhere he hoped 
to receive greater encouragement. After his departure, the Marchioness de Moja, 
Luis Santangel, and other friends of the Queen, prevailed upon lier to reconsider 
the decision. A. niessenger \Vcis sent to recall Columhus, and o\-ertooU him c»t 
the hridge of F»inos, two leagues from Granada. Columhus returned to court and 
Wcis again introduced hy Luis Santangel to the Queen, in the presence of the 
Marchioness de Moja. It is an interesting fact that the vo>'£ige cost the Queen of 
Spain 1.140,000 maravedis, and 270 maravedia is eciutil to Si.oo of the present <Ui\-. 




ol-^aGoria offer iiic] fict Jl:lucL^. 

IBv A, MUNOZ DEGRAIN.) 



QUEEN ISABELLA-, becon^iiiig impatient £it the iiicliffererice of King Kerclinctnd 
toweirds the plans of Columbus, offered to pawn her jewels to pay the 
expense of the voyage; hut Luis Santemgel, the Keceiver 
of the Ecclesiastical Revenues of the Kingdom, agreed to 
advance the necessarj' funds froni the Church treasury, 
and he ^vas afterwards repeiid hy the proceeds of the 
gold brought by Columbus from the Xew World. ,• 




Fac-simile of Queen Isabella-s 
Jewel Case. 



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(EXACT REPRODUCTION OF THE SHIP IN WHICH COLUMBUS SAILED.) 



■BsgrT-Tiiri i«w 



THE caravels in -which Columbus sailed ■svere reproduced for the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition at the joint expense of the governments of Spain and the 
United States. The plans and models v^'-ere made by a commission of Spanish 
Xaval Architects and Archaeologists ^vho, after several months of study and 
deliberation, decided upon the design finally adopted. 

The caravel Santa ]Maria, ^vhich was the flagship of Columbus, belonged 
to Juan de la Cosa, and ^vas lost upon the northern coast of San Domingo on 
Christmas Uay, 1492, through the carelessness of the man at the ^vheel. 

The Nina and Pinta, the smaller vessels of the fleet, 
belonged to the Pinzon brothers of Palos, who accom- 
panied Columbus on his voyage, in charge of them. 
_, The Santa \Iaria was 63 feet in length over all, 51 feet 

along her Ueel, 20 feet beam, and io>^ feet in tlepth. 




'T^HERK lias always t>een a dispute as to the place -wjiere Columbus 

.^.^^ -'first landed on A.meric?m soil, but tlie Iiigbest autborities favor 

Watliilgs Isiljind, because it tins\vers iTl ore closely 
tlian finy otiier to tbe description (jiven 1>^- Colum- 
bLis in Iiis journal. It lies in Uititude 23^ 52' and 
longitude 74° 48' west froni Oreenwicli, and is 
one of tbe Babamas. It is 13 iriiles long, fron3 6 
to 7 nilles -wide, and bas an area of about <>o 
^^'^v "v sciuare nailes, about Half of wbich is covered by 
■^y^^/ / lagoons. 



Watlincs Island. — Landing-place of Columbus. 




(Bv A. GISBERT.) 




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Nina. Santa Maria. P'NTA. 

CARAVELS ON THEIR WAY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC. 

/'^OLUMBUS sailed from Palos .>n the 3CI of August, 
149?, half till hour hefore sunrise. The cIeij' Nvas 
Friday. It was choseii by Columbus as it was the 
day of Redemption, and also the anniversary of the 
delivery- of the Holy Sepulchre by Godfrey de Bouillon. 
The standard of the cross was raised on the top meist 
of the vessel, and the image of the virgin ^vas nailed 
to the mainmast. Father Juan Herez de Marchenei 
gave Columbus his blessing and a good-bj-. 



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— f"-' 



Anchor of Columbus in the 

possession of the latin 

AMERICAN Bureau. 




j£'an^iiiq o[ Col II 111 bii^. 

(By GABRINU 



TT is said that ^vhen Columbus landed on the soil of the nev\' world he pro- 
claimed formal possession in the name of the Sovereigns of Spain, and then, 
according to early writers, he knelt and offered the following prayer: 

"O Lord, Kternal and Almighty- Ood, hy Thy sacred ^^-ord Xhou hast created 
the heavens, the earth and the sea; blessed and glorified be Thy name, and 
praised by Thy majestj', who has deigned to use Thj' humble servant to make 
Thy sacred name known and pro- 
claimed in the other part of the 
world." 



TT is related tHat one of the first acts of 
Columbus after liis landing, was to Have 
mass celebrated b^' tlie priests accomponj-- 
ing liis expedition, and tlie natives looKed 
upon the ceremony with great a^^'e and 
interest. The accompan^-ing picture is bor- 
rowed from a very old boolt published b^- 
Theodore de Bry, in -which the mtory is related. 




FIRST MASS IN THE NEW WORLD. 



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(By R. BALACA, 1874.) 



TTF'ON his return to Spain after the discover^' of tlie new world, Colnmhus wa>s 
received by the I-Cing and Queen at Barcelona. About the middle of April 
he entered the city, escorted by a brilliant cavalcade that had gone out to meet 
him. His Indiexns, arrayed in their native costume, led the procession. Pollow- 
ing them were the sailors bearing trophies of the voyage, including forty parrots 
and other birds of gorgeous plumage, the skins of animals hitherto unltnown, 

and articles of gold and other ornaments secured 
by barter. On horseback-, surrounded by the chiv- 
alry of Spain, rode the great Admiral, receiving 
vs'ith dignified simplicity the ovations of the people. 
Kerdinand and Isaliella received him, seated upon 
thrones under a canopy of brocaded gold. 




A PTER Ills return, from liis first vi^y^nfG, it im reported by- 
some l^istorians that Coluii^ljLis -went t<i tlie slirine of 
tlie virgin, eit Siennti, Itiilj-, find tliere left, tjs a \'t»ti\'e 
offering, a sword, a gun, ti lielia^iet, fi sliield, tind part of tlie 
verte»3rae of a vvHale. Tlieae articles still retnain there, and 
are exhitjited. 



Votive Offerings left by Columbus at 

THE Shrine of the Virgin, at 

Sienna, Italy. 




(Bv F. JOVER, MADRID.) 



T T AVING been seated by the Queen, Columbus ^^'as asked to relate his adven- 
tures, which he did with great eloquence, making a profound impression 
upon the Queen. 




CROWN, MACE, MISSAL. AND SWORD OF QUEEN ISABELLA. 




Is'dc '■Jcall. ..| C\^l\lmln..^, 91{ay 20, 1506. 

(Bv F. ORTEGO. ORIGINAL IN NATIONAL GALLERY, MADRID.) 

Columbus' last words: ''Into Thy haiuis, O Loid, 1 iommit my spirit.' 
















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£eW«t of «2ol\titv6u> to 9ltcofo ©^et^go, SHatcfi 21, 1502. 

THE ORIGINAL IN THE CITY HALL. GENOA.) 

Sir: 

XUe solitude in which you have left us caiinot be described. I gave Micer 
Krancis de Ribarol the book containing niy deeds (or grants, or concessions) and 
also copies of the letters and messages sent to me; and I pray you, as a great 
favor to me, to \vrite to Don Diego and inform hin:i of the place in Nvhich you 
keep those documents, and the use you make of them. A. duplicate of all of 
them v\-ill be niade and sent to you in the sfinie way and through the same 
channel of Frtincisco. You will find there a ne\%- concession. Their Highnesses 
promise therein, as you will see, to give me all that belongs to me, and put Don 
Diego in possession thereof. I have written to Alicer Juan Luys and to NIadam 
Xladonti Catalina the letter I enclose. I shall start out, in the name of the Most 
Holy Trinity-, ^vith a good ecjuipn^ient, at the first moment of good weather. If 
Jerome de Santi Esteban comes, he must A.vait for me, and not to commit himself 
to anything, because they will tr>' to get out of him cjU that they cani cind after- 
wards thej- will leave him in the cold. Let him come here, and the l-Cing and 
Queen will entertain him until I come. 

May Our Lord keep you in His holy guard. 

Done on the 21st of March, at Seville, 1502. 

I am, for ^vhat you mt>y order. 

Your servtint, 

X. M. Y., 

Xpo ferens. 



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cH.OU^'C ill U'lucl'l Col II lllGll,^ ^icC", lI I ^^l\lUa^otl^, C^ pCl 



'T^HE house in Nvhich Columtaus died at Valladolid, Spain, was at that time 
an inn of the lowest class, for he had no means to pay for better lodgings. 
In fact, in one of his letters to the King shortly before his death, he wrote that 
he was a beggar in the streets, \vith no money to liuy even food. 

No official notice was taken of the death of Columbus, and there is no record 
of the fact until 27 days after, when some clerk endorsed a letter from Columbus 
to the King with the -words: "The within Admiral is dead." 



pOLUMBUS was burled originally in the Cartuja Convent near Seville, liut his remains were 

removed to Santo Domingo In 1540. with those of his son Diego and his brother Bartholomew, 

and placed in the cathedral. In 1795- when Spain ceded Santo Domingo to the French, what were 

supposed to be the remains of the discoverer were removed to Havana. In order that they might 

rest in Spanish soil. In 1877, when the cathedral 
was repaired, there ^vere discovered t-wo coffins. 
One of then^ bore inscriptions which, if genuine, 
prove that the reixiains of some other person 
were transported to Havana. The bones there 
found are enclosed in a leaden box, -which is 
kept in a case made of satin wood and glass, 
and sealed with broad ■white ribbons. 





Satin Wood Case in which the 
Bones of Columbus 

ARE KEPT. 



Leadcn Case. 



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'""T^HK I)tike <>!' X'ertigua iw tlie living 
descendant of Colunnbus, repre- 
senting the tenth gexneration from the 
discoverer through the daughter of 
Columhus' son Diego. His n.'iim.- ;ind 
titles jire: Doi^ Christopher Columhus 
de Ui Cerdfi, Dulce of Veragua, \Icirtjues 
de la Jamaica, Almirante, AdeUmtcido 
Mayor fie los Indias, Orcindee of Spain 
of tlie first cUiss, cind Senator for life 
in his own right. He has filled m.-iii\- 
prominent iJositions in Sjiain, ;ind 
has nicide himself famous \^y his en- 
teri^rise tind spirit of progress. He 
Ii;is ;i son ;il)<>ut eighteen >.'etirs old, 
who will inherit his property' luid 
titles. 



'^uhv: o| ^'i^ciaaiia. 



